Słowa kluczowe: Shoah film, Lanzmann, translation, bystanders, testimony, Holocaust, Chełmno on Ner, Claude Lanzmann, Shoah, bystander, trauma, dialects of central Poland, communicative situation, code-switching, lexis, pragmalinguistics, translatio, collective memory, metaphors, translation studies, memory studies, cultural turn, travelling memory, literary translation, postmemorial novel, Camp interpreter, KL Auschwitz, feminist studies, film studies, translation and interpreting studies, Mala Zimetbaum, memory, representation, translation politics, globalization, second generation, Nabokov, The Eye, spectrality, identity, self-translation, cultural memory, Holocaust testimony, Holocaust literature, Brazil, Bogdan Bartnikowski