Słowa kluczowe: intangible cultural heritage, traditional culture, folklore, UNESCO 2003 Convention, intellectual property rights, world heritage, Intangible Cultural Heritage System, the 2003 Convention, UNESCO, universality, safeguarding, communities, governance, intangible heritage, World Heritage List, UNESCO Conventions, community participation, cultural heritage law, national law, legal history, comparative analysis, armed conflict, cultural rights, law of armed conflict, museum, cultural politics, dance traditions, cockfighting, animal rights, human rights, Vietnam, participatory heritage discourse, Representative List, United Kingdom, Cultural Property Act, non-state organized armed groups, criminal responsibility, protection, 1954 Hague Convention, non-international armed conflicts, Syria, cultural heritage, civil law, contracts, ownership, private property rights, cultural property, art law, illicit trade of cultural objects, cultural vandalism, Nicosia Convention, World Heritage, indigenous, Indigenous heritage, China, cultural policy, ICH social movement, ICH revolution, soft power, crime statistics, robbery, destruction, Poland, police