Słowa kluczowe: Jewish identity, Holocaust, Israel, Poland, B’nai B’rith, charity, elites, Galicia, humanitarianism, Jews, Lviv, lodges, 1918-1939, organized medical care for adults and children, the Dębina sanatorium, Brzuchowice, Lvov , Joseph Roth, tripartite identity, ghetto-literature, Austrian-Hungarian Empire, oil industry, Zionism, socialism, workers, press , Socrates Scholasticus, Inmestar, Christians, Purim, violence, inscriptions, epigraphy, Greek language, diaspora, synagogue, age at death, women, manumission, onomastics, professions, pagan-Jewish relations, Diogenes of Oinoanda, Epicureism, Rome, Middle Republic, Late Republic, Cicero Pro Flacco, Josephus