Słowa kluczowe: -ing formation, productivity, borrowing, hybrid creation, pseudo-anglicism, blogs, live blogs, news, online newspapers, open structure discourse, comment clauses, police interview discourse, power relations, pragmatic markers, history of linguistics, Jagiellonian University, Chinese linguistics, Mongolian linguistics, Kalmuck language, advertising, manipulation, persuasion, the Russian language, western Karaim, Karaim historical phonology, south-western Karaim fricatives, south-western Karaim affricates, south-western Karaim front labial vowels, writing fluency, second language development, Dynamic Systems Theory