Słowa kluczowe: helping professions, qualifications, the oldest old, single mothers, social services, the legal system, social system, single motherhood by choice, portraits of single motherhood, risk factor, posttraumatic stress disorder, wars, military operations and terrorism, three generations families, Jewish and Arab populations, empathy, relationship-based social work, emotional intelligence, harm reduction, social work, addiction, social worker, alcohol, illicit drugs, psychoactive substance, therapy